The urban public transport system includes buses, trolleybuses, trams, metro, and shuttle taxis to facilitate movement, reduce congestion, and improve air quality. Key indicators: occupancy rate 0.8-0.95 (local occupancy), speed 15-30 km/h, intervals 5-20 minutes, capacity 60-200 passengers, punctuality 85-95%. Challenges: aging fleet, inadequate funding, road congestion. Solutions: priority lanes, integrated ticketing, electrification, real-time information